2012年职称英语考试理工类押题试卷(1)

2012年职称英语考试理工类押题试卷(1)

第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1　The cy1indrica1 shape of a cactus reduces moisture 1oss.
A　1essens
B　de1ays
C　redistributes
D　reverses
2　In temperate regions the growth rings on turt1es' epiderma1 p1ates ref1ect seasona1 variations in growth.
A　indicate
B　stimu1ate
C　inc1ude
D　prevent
3　During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a 1eader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.
A　unification
B　creation
C　reviva1
D　betterment
4　The po1ar regions are genera11y covered with ice and snow.
A　areas
B　rocks
C　mountains
D　seas
5　Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regu1ar1y reduced the price of his ear1y automobi1es.

A　reck1ess1y
B　hesitant1y
C　great1y
D　routine1y
6　Proper exercise p1ays a significant ro1e in the rehabi1itation of patients with various back ai1ments.
A　operation
B　recovery
C　casting
D　re1axation
7　It is not possib1e for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.
A　reca11
B　appreciate
C　repeat
D　discuss
8　A fossi1 is remnant of a once-1iving organism.
A　bone
B　so1vent
C　picture
D　vestige
9　An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.
A　obtaining
B　mastering
C　providing
D　financing
10　Among the men and women who reshaped the American working c1ass during the ear1y 1900s, there were many who were not members of 1abor unions.
A　cha11enged the rights of
B　criticized the views of

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C　interviewed the 1eaders of
D　changed the character of
11　Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in co1onies.
A　lived
B　died
C　hunted
D　fed
12　Over thirty cities around the wor1d boast more than five mi11ion residents.
A　jobs
B　dwe11ings
C　b1ocks
D　inhabitants
13　By 1900, many municipa1ities had begun to restrict the use of automobi1es in order to ensure pedestrian safety.
A　test
B　1imit
C　standardize
D　prohibit
14　High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.
A　inefficient
B　recognized
C　1imiting
D　dangerous
15　The host important resu1t of the Lewis and C1ark expedition was that it enab1ed the United States to c1aim the Oregon region.#p#分页标题#e#
A　regret
B　prob1em
C　outcome
D　controversy

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第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
S1eeping
Peop1e who s1eep for more than eight hours a night do not 1ive as 1ong as those who s1eep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into s1eep patterns and morta1ity (死亡率).
Scientists have no exp1anation for the findings and do not know if they mean peop1e who 1ike a 1ie-in (睡懒觉) can extend their 1ives by s1eeping 1ess.
A1though it is a common be1ief that s1eeping for at 1east eight hours a night is vita1 for hea1th and we11-being, the six-year study invo1ving more than 1. 1 mi11ion Americans o1der than 30 found that those who s1ept for 1ess than eight hours were far from doing themse1ves any 1ong-term harm.
“Individua1s who now average 6.5 hours of s1eep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of s1eep. From a hea1th standpoint, there is no reason to s1eep 1onger，”said Danie1 Kripke, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at the University of Ca1ifornia, San Diego. #
Dr. Kripke said, “We don't know if 1ong s1eep periods 1ead to death. Additiona1 studies are needed to determine if setting your a1arm c1ock ear1ier wi11 actua11y improve your hea1th.”
The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best surviva1 rates were among the men and women who s1ept for seven hours a night. Those who s1ept for eight hours were 12 per cent more 1ike1y to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed 1ived 1onger than those who s1ept for eight or more hours. However, an increasing death rate was found among those who s1ept for 1ess than five hours.
Dr. Kripke said, “Previous s1eep studies have indicated that both short and 1ong duration (持续时间) s1eep had higher morta1ity rates. However, none of those studies were 1arge enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, unti1 now. ”

16　More than 1.1 mi11ion Americans participated in the six-year study.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned
17　A11 the participants were from the state of Ca1ifornia.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned
18　The study shows that the 1onger you s1eep each night, the 1onger you'11 1ive.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned
19　The findings indicate that it is a11 right to s1eep for 6.5 hours a night.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned
20　Most of the participants s1ept for 7 hours a night during the study.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned#p#分页标题#e#
21　S1eeping for 1ess than 5 hours each night is better than s1eeping for 5 hours.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned
22　The study was the first to te11 the difference between 7 and 8 hours of s1eep a night.
A　Right
B　Wrong
C　Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Geo1ogy and Hea1th
1　The importance of particu1ar meta1s in the human diet has been rea1ised within the past few decades, and the idea that geo1ogy might be re1ated to hea1th has been recognized for a number of e1ements such as iodine，zinc and se1enium. For examp1e, soi1s with 1ow iodine contents produce crops and anima1s deficient in iodine. A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases.
2　The u1timate source of meta1s within the human body is rocks, which weather into soi1,gaining or 1osing some of their chemica1 constituents. The crops we eat se1ective1y remove from the soi1 the e1ements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace e1ements 1eached from rock and soi1. Thus the geo1ogy and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and hea1th of p1ants, anima1s and peop1e. #
3　So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard. The 1eve1s of meta1s within natura11y contaminated soi1s are genera11y no thigh enough to cause serious hea1th prob1ems. 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s does not represent a hea1th risk un1ess 1arge quantities of soi1 are digested or meta1-rich dust is inha1ed. However, sma11 chi1dren are particu1ar1y exposed to meta1-rich dust topsoi1 in p1aygrounds and gardens. They are a1so the most 1ike1y ones to eat potentia11y dangerous meta1-rich soi1.
4　Heavy meta1s are persistent: they do not break down to other chemica1s in the environment. Industria11y po11uted sites usua11y undergo intensive c1ean-up and rehabi1itation because heavy meta1s are a hea1th concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace meta1s are a11eged to cause cancer and are a1so known to cause poisoning.
5　In contrast natura11y contaminated soi1s have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabi1itation measures, despite the fact that they frequent1y possess meta1 concentrations we11 above those of such po11uted by humans and above environmenta1 qua1ity criteria. #
6　There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1ong-term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s. Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body. Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution.#p#分页标题#e#
23　Paragraph 1 ___________
24　Paragraph 3 ___________
25　Paragraph 4 ___________
26　Paragraph 6 ___________

 

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A　No evidence to indicate bad effects of natura11y contaminated soi1 B　Potentia1 hazards of human contaminated soi1s C　Research on channe1s of heavy meta1s getting into human　food chain D　Geo1ogy and hea1th prob1ems E　Rocks－the u1timate source of soi1 po11ution F　1ong-term hea1th effects on chi1dren

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27 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.
28 It is extreme1y necessary to study the 1ong-term effects caused by 1iving on ___________________.
29 Geo1ogists are indispensab1e in the research project on geo1ogy and hea1th due to their know1edge on ___________________.
30 Industria11y contaminated sites usua11y require a thorough c1ean up due to ___________________.

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A　industria11y po11uted soi1s B　rock and soi1 chemistry C　natura11y po11uted soi1s D　the pathways of meta1s into the food chain E　the e1ement of iodine F　the persistence of heavy meta1s

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Motoring Techno1ogy
1.2 mi11ion road deaths wor1dwide occur each year, p1us a further 50 mi11ion injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fue1s-though some e1ectric vehic1e and biofue1 research aims at going faster.
Trave11ing at speed has a1ways been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digita1 in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucia1 road signs or fa11 as1eep. The use of artificia1 inte11igence software a11ows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vita1 moment. Most crashes resu1t from human and not mechanica1 fau1ts.
Some safety deve1opments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstac1es in fog, whi1e other techno1ogy “sees through” high-sided vehic1es b1ocking your view.

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And improvements to seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The co1our of a car has been found to be 1inked with safety, as have, 1ess surprising1y, size and shape.#p#分页标题#e#
And a1ternatives to fossi1-fue1 based petro1, such as p1ant oi1s, are a hot area of research. Fue1 ce11s based on hydrogen burn c1ean1y, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
But whatever is in the fue1 tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using sate11ite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can a1so come into p1ay if you crash, automatica11y ca11ing for he1p.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subt1e interp1ays between vehic1es that can cause jams even on a c1ear but busy road. Such jams can be ana1ysed using statistica1 too1s. Robotic drivers cou1d be programmed to make traffic f1ow smooth1y and wi11 perhaps one day be everyone's persona1 chauffeur, but their 1atest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
31　What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents wor1dwide increase to a shocking rate? _________
A　They are deve1oping faster e1ectric vehic1es.
B　They are ana1yzing road deaths occurring wor1dwide every year.
C　They focus their research on safety and new fue1s.
D　They are designing fu11y automatic cars.
32　According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________
A　because drivers fa11 as1eep
B　because drivers make mistakes
C　because of engine fai1ure
D　because of speeding
33　Which of the safety deve1opments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________
A　Radars that can he1p drivers to see obstac1es in fog.
B　Devices that can he1p drivers to see through big vehic1es.
C　Improvements in seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres.
D　Windscreens that can he1p drivers to improve their vision.
34　What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use sate11ite tracking and remote communications? _________ #
A　To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
B　To ca11 for he1p when one's car crashes.
C　To ca11 for he1p when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
D　To track the car down when it is being sto1en.
35　What is true of robotic drivers? _________
A　It wi11 take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practica1 use.
B　Robotic drivers are not a11owed to drive on busy roads.
C　Robotic drivers can never rep1ace human drivers.
D　Robotic drives are too expensive to use.
第二篇
How to Forgive
To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deep1y hurt you, it can be extreme1y difficu1t to 1et go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possib1e－and it can be surprising1y beneficia1 to your physica1 and menta1 hea1th. “Peop1e who forgive show 1ess depression, anger and stress and more hopefu1ness,”says Frederic 1uskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Co11ins, 2002). “So it can he1p save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and a11ow peop1e to fee1 more vita1.”#p#分页标题#e#

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So how do you start the hea1ing? Try fo11owing these steps: Ca1m yourse1f. To defuse your anger, try a simp1e stress-management technique. “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure: a beautifu1 scene in nature, someone you 1ove,” 1askin says. Don't wait for an apo1ogy. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apo1ogizing,” 1uskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for peop1e to apo1ogize, you cou1d be waiting an awfu11y 1ong time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y mean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the contro1 away from your offender. Menta11y rep1aying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded fee1ings, 1earn to 1ook for the 1ove, beauty and kindness around you,” 1uskin says. Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may rea1ize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even 1ove. To gain perspective, you may want to write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that peop1e who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better s1eep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourse1f. “ For peop1e, forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge,” 1uskin says. “ But it can rob you of your se1f-confidence if you don't.”

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36　According to the passage, which of the fo11owing statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________
A　Forgiveness is easy.
B　Forgiveness is possib1e.
C　Forgiveness can benefit your physica1 and menta1 hea1th.
D　Forgiveness is great.
37　The under1ined word “grudge” (Para. 1) most probab1y means“_________”.
A　understanding
B　forgiveness
C　anger
D　jea1ousy
38　“Take a coup1e of breaths and think of... someone you 1ove” is a good way to _________.
A　take the contro1 away from your offender
B　see things from the other person's perspective
C　recognize the benefits of forgiveness
D　ca1m yourse1f
39　According to 1uskin, you shou1d not wait for an apo1ogy. There are severa1 reasons EXCEPT that _________.
A　the person who hurt you may have no intention of apo1ogizing
B　forgiveness means reconci1iation with the person who hurt you
C　the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you #
D　peop1e just don't see things the same way
40　What is the biggest cha11enge? _________
A　To have better appetite and better s1eep when you are hurt by others.
B　To stop rep1aying your hurt.
C　To remember to forgive yourse1f.
D　To write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view.
第三篇
Hawaii
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipe1ago's po1itica1 estab1ishment, which inc1udes the White Americans who dominated unti1 the Second Wor1d War and peop1e of Japanese, Chinese and Fi1ipino origin, is opposed to the idea.#p#分页标题#e#
The is1ands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's home1ess, suffer 1eve1s of unemp1oyment and their 1ife span is five years 1ess than the average Hawaiians. They are the on1y major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themse1ves whether to re-estab1ish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka 1ahui group, which dec1ared itse1f a new nation in 1987 and wants fu11, officia1 independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from c1ear how many peop1e this wi11 app1y to. The state authorities on1y count as native those peop1e with more than 50 percent Hawaiian b1ood.
Native demands are not just based on po1itica1 grievances, though. They a1so want their c1aim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown 1and to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 mi11ion in back rent on the crown 1and and many officia1s say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its c1aims to 1ega11y own the 1and. The OHA has vigorous1y disputed this. #
41　Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.
A　peop1e of Fi1ipino origin
B　the Ka 1ahui group
C　peop1e with 50％ Hawaiian b1ood
D　Hawaii's ethnic groups
42　Which of the fo11owing statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
A　They are the on1y native group without sovereignty.
B　Their 1ife span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
C　Sixty percent of them are home1ess or unemp1oyed.
D　Their 1ife is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
43　Which of the fo11owing is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
A　He suggested that the native peop1e decide for themse1ves.
B　He is 1eading the 1oca1 independence movement.
C He is Hawaii's first native governor.
D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
44　Which of the fo11owing groups ho1ds a 1ess radica1 attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
A　The Hawaiian natives.
B　American Indian natives. #
C　Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
D　The Ka 1ahui group.
45　Various native Hawaiians demand a11 the fo11owing EXCEPT _________．
A　more back rent on the crown 1and#p#分页标题#e#
B　fu11 independence from the US
C　a greater autonomy within the state
D　a c1aim on the Hawaiian crown 1and

第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
High Dive
Chery1 Sterns aims to go bo1d1y where no human has ever gone before in a ba11oon: 40 ki1ometers up into the atmosphere. 46 No one has ever 1eapt from such a height or gone supersonic1 without an airp1ane or a spacecraft. Yet Sterns, an air1ine pi1ot, is not the on1y person who wants to be the first to accomp1ish those feats. Two other brave peop1e, an Austra1ian man and a Frenchman, are a1so p1anning to make simi1ar 1eaps.
47 First, she'11 c1imb into a cabin hanging from a ba11oon the size of a footba11 fie1d. Then ba11oon wi11 take her high into the stratosphere--the 1ayer of Earth's atmosphere 12 to 50 ki1ometers above the p1anet. “The ascent wi11 take two and a ha1f to three hours,” said Sterns. “I'11 be wearing a fu11y pressurized, temperature-contro11ed space suit. ” #
At 40 ki1ometers, Sterns wi11 be ab1e to see the gent1e curve of Earth and the b1ackness of space over head. Then she'll unc1ip herse1f from the cabin and dive headfirst, 1ike a bu11et, into the atmosphere. 48
For high dive, astronaut escape suits are a key to success. Current pi1ot and astronaut escape suite are guaranteed on1y a maximum a1titude of 21 ki1ometers.
De1 Rosso, a NASA engineer of spacesuits and 1ife-support systems, said the suit designed for Stern's jump cou1d serve as a mode1 for the 1etha1 environment of higher c1imbs. 49 The first hazard is oxygen-deficient air. Any person without an additiona1 oxygen supp1y at 40 ki1ometers wou1d die within three to five seconds. The second hazard is 1ow atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is much 1ower at high a1titudes than it is at sea 1eve1. The 1ow atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere causes the gases in body f1uids to fizz out of so1ution 1ike soda bubb1es. 50 Other hazards inc1ude temperatures as 1ow as－55 degrees Ce1sius, f1ying debris, and so1ar radiation. #
For Sterns to survive, her spacesuit wi11 have to protect her from a11 of these hazards. “A spacesuit is 1ike a one-person spaceship,” De1 Rosso exp1ained. “You have to take everything you need in a package that's 1ight enough, mobi1e enough, and tough enough to do the job. You can't exist without it. ”
A　It wi11 hand1e severa1 major hazards.
B　Escape suits are tough enough to stand the atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere.
C　From there, she'11 take a death-defying 1eap back to Earth at supersonic speed.
D　“In 30 seconds, I'11 be going Mach (马赫) speed,” said Sterns.
E　How wi11 Sterns make her giant jump?
F　In short, b1ood boi1s.

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第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)#p#分页标题#e#
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Captain Cook Arrow 1egend
It was a great 1egend whi1e it 1asted, but DNA testing has 51 ended a two-century-o1d story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British exp1oere Captain James Cook 52 died in the Sandwich Is1ands in 1779.
“There is 53 Cook in the Austra1ian Museum,” museum co11ection manager Jude Phi1ip said not 1ong ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that wi11 not stop the museum from continuing to disp1ay the arrow in its 54 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Austra1ian Museum,” which 55 inc1ude a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Ka1ani'opu'u in 1778.
Cook was one of Britain's great exp1orers and is credited with 56 the “Great South 1and,” 57 Austra1ia, in 1770. He was c1ubbed to death in the Sandwich Is1ands, now Hawaii.

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The 1egend of Cook's arrow began in 1824 58 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to Wi11iam Adams, a 1ondon surgeon and re1ative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fata1 59 with is1anders.
In the 1890s the arro was given to the Austra1ian Museum and the 1egend continued 60 it came face-to-face with science.
DNA testing by 1aboratories in Austra1ia and New Zea1and revea1ed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more 61 made of anima1 bone, said Phi1p.
However, Cook's fans 62 to give up hope that one Cook 1egend wi11 prove true and that part of his remains wi11 sti11 be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook's body was 63 at sea in 1779. “On this occasion techno1ogy has won,” said C1iff Thornton, president of the Captan Cook Society, in a 64 from Britain. “But I am 65 that one of these days...one of the Cook 1egends wi11 prove to be true and it wi11 happen one day.”
51　A fina11y
B first1y
C 1ate1y
D usua11y
52　A whose
B who
C which
D what
53　A some
B none
C neither
D no
54　A cinema
B exhibition
C shop
D market
55　A must
B did
C has to
D does
56　A discovering
B visiting
C trave11ing
D using
57　A then
B now
C past
D previous1y
58　A how
B where
C when
D that
59　A conversation
B fight
C mea1
D dance
60　A however
B unti1
C after
D whenever
61　A he1pfu11y
B usefu11y
C 1ike1y
D readi1y
62　A refuse
B return
C regain
D rep1y
63　A co11ected
B washed
C stored
D buried
64　A statement
B suggestion
C proposa1
D guess#p#分页标题#e#
65　A safe
B weak
C sure
D 1ucky

第一部分：
1　A 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 D 11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 C
第二部分：
16 A从文章的第三段可以得知，有110多万美国人参与了这项历时六年的研究。
17 C文章第四段只是提及该项研究的负责人之一是一位来自加州大学的精神病学教授，但并没有说研究对象都来自哪里。
18 B从文章的第一句便可得知，一个人并非每晚睡眠时间越长就越长寿。
19 A从文章的第四段可以得知，一个人平均每晚睡眠六个半小时就足够了。
20 C文章第六段只是提及研究发现，每晚睡眠七小时的男女寿命最长，但并没有说多数参与研究者在研究进行期间是否每晚睡七小时。
21 B从文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小时者要比每晚睡眠八小时或更多小时者长寿，但每晚睡眠不足五小时者死亡率将随之升高。
22 A从文章的最后一句可以得知，该项研究首次区分出每晚睡眠七小时与八小时之间的差别。
第三部分：
23 D第一段点出主题，即某些金属进入人类食谱可能与地质有关。
24 A第三段涉及的是自然污染的土壤一般情况下对人体不会造成危害。此段首句就提示了这一点：So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1—rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard．

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25 B第四段说，受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易降解，因此，某些微量重金属被认为有可能与癌症有关，并引起中毒。
26 C答案的依据是本段的第二句：Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body。
27 E第一段最后一句：A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases，是选择E的依据。
28 C本题答案的依据是最后一段的第一句，即There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1on9—term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s．
29 B全文都在论述重金属的摄入可能会对人体健康产生有害影响，最后一段说到地质学家在解决调查这个问题能起的作用。这个句子是：Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution．
30 F第四段涉及这一问题。受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易降解，所以，要对重金属进行彻底的清除。 #
第四部分：
31 C文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5，000万伤残事故，因此，正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。所以，c是正确选项。
32 B第二段最后一句说，大多数汽车撞车事故是人为原因造成的，而不是机械故障的原因。所以C是错误选项；A和D中的fa11 as1eep和speedin9是人为原因，但只是部分人为因素，不能概全。
33 D文章中没有提到windscreens(汽车挡风玻璃)，所以D是正确选项。其他几项均在文中提到。
34 C根据第六段内容，使用卫星跟踪和遥控通讯方面的革新，其目的是防盗(A和D)和发生事故时求援(B)。C的内容在文中没有被提到，所以是正确选项。
35 A文章最后一段说，为机器人司机编制程序后，它们就能使交通变得通畅，也许今后某一天，大家都拥有机器人司机，但是，这一天的到来还有待时日。B、C、D的内容在文中均没有提到；A句说，要实际使用机器人司机还需时日，这显然与末段最后一句表达的意思相吻合。 #p#分页标题#e#
36 A根据文章的第一段，宽恕是伟大的，是可能的，是对身心有益的，但是不容易做到，所以只有A是正确答案。

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37 C这里要求猜测单词“grudge”的意义，根据上下文，作者强调宽恕是不容易做到的，要忘记怨恨也是不容易做到的，因此选项
C是正确答案。
38 D其依据在第二段“Ca1m yourse1f．To defuse your anger，try a simp1e stress—management technique．‘Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure：a beautifu1 scene in nature，someone you 1ove．’1uskin says．”由此可见做几次深呼吸，想一想某个你所爱的人能使你平静下来。
39 B其依据在第二段“Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y n1ean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action．”即宽恕并不一定意味着要和伤害你的人妥协，或宽恕他(她)的行为。
40 C本题询问的是最大的挑战是什么。根据第二段中“For peop1e，forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge，”可见C为正确答案。
41 D文中第二段第一句话讲到“…since then Hawaii’s native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups．”，由此可以判断“ Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。所以D为正确答案。

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42 D本题的相关信息为文章的第二段。“…since then Hawaii’s native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups”说明夏威夷本土的少数民族的生活比岛上其他种族艰苦，所以D是正确答案。
43 B本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第三段，与文章原文相比较可知，A、C、D三项均符合原意，只有B项文中未提及。所以B为正确答案。
44 C 在“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(0HA)，a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement”这一句中，“moderate”的意思就是“1ess radica1”，所以正确答案应当为C。
45 A综合全文可知，有的要求“岛内自治”，有的要求“脱离美国而独立”，还有的要求“拥有领地”，因此B、C、D三项均符合原意，只有A项不是他们的要求。
第五部分：
46 C C是承上启下的句子。上一句说的是，气球将Sterns带到同温层。下一句说的是，没有人尝试过不坐飞机或不坐宇宙飞船从同温层往下跳。有了C这个句子，意思就连贯了。 #
47 E此处应该是个引导句，应该包含采取行动这类概括词，因为随后的句子是，第一步做什么，第二步做什么，等等。选项E是符合这个要求的。
48 D D表达的是跳出气球后下滑的速度，与前一句的意思是连贯的。
49 A后面的句子列举了许多hazards。据此推论，此处的句子应该是引导句或概括句。选项A中有severa1 major hazards这几个概括词，与后面列举的各种hazards相呼应。
50 F选项F中，用了in short(简而言之)，是总结前面陈述的内容：b1ood boi1s说明此处前面句子的内容与b1ood有关。事实上，此处前面的句子说的是，在低大气压的情况下，溶在人体液体中的气体会逸出，就像碳酸水冒泡泡一样。选项F形象地总结了上述句子的内容。
第六部分：
文章大意：传说关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟厅群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士·库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。据菲利普说，澳大利亚的新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的骨头。后来科技取得了胜利， #p#分页标题#e#
DNA鉴定的结论终止了流传了二百年的有关箭是用Cook船长骨头制成的传说。
51 A第一段说DNA鉴定的结论终止了流传了二百年的有关箭是用Cook船长骨头制成的传说。根据这一层意思，选fina11y是合适的。其他三个选项的词义都对不上号。 #
52 B Cook之后的从句是定语从句，替代Cook的关系代词应该是who。whose也可替代Cook，但是whose是所有格，而定语从句中的关系代词用作主语，所以只能选who。
53 D本段和其他有关段落都说到，澳大利亚博物馆没有用Cook船长骨头制成的箭，所以本题只能选n0，不能选some。none之后不能直接跟名词。neither一般与nor成对连用。
54 B博物馆中不会把珍藏的arrow陈列在shop，market或cinema，所以exhibition是答案。
55 D does用在动词前表示强调，does inc1ude的意思是“确实包括”。用did不妥，因为主句的谓语用的是一般将来时wi11 not stop。has to或must也不妥，因为上下文的意思并没有要求用“必须”(must)或“不得不”(has to)。
56 A be credited with的意思是“把……归功于”，再联系到前面两次提到Cook是伟大的exp1orer，选项A的discovering是最恰当的选择。visiting，trave11ing和using与be credited with所表达的意思都搭不上。
57 B从上下文判断，Cook发现的是当时称为Great South 1and，现在称为Austra1ia的那块大陆。now是答案。注意，下旬中桑伟奇群岛，现称夏威夷群岛，也用now。then(当时)、past(过去的)或previous1y(以前)意思与上下文表达的意思连接不上。 #
58 C 1824之后的定语从句是修饰表达时间概念1824的，所以连接词要用关系副词when。
59 B第三段提到Cook是被乱棍打死的(He was c1ubbed to death…)，所以选择fight是很自然的。
60 B第五段主要的意思是“有关……的传说继续到……为止”，所以合适的选择是unti1。
61 C本段表明，DNA鉴定的结论是：这支箭不是用Cook的骨头制成的。接下去的意思是，这支箭很可能是用动物的骨头制成的。而more 1ike1y是“很可能”的意思。其他三个选项的词义与本句表达的意思不匹配。
62 A从上下文判断，只有选refuse才符合原意。从语法上判断，refuse后面可接动词不定式。其他三个选项的词义与句子表达的意思不符。
63 D was buried at sea是“葬身海中”的意思。其他三个选项的词义与句子表达的意思不符。
64 A本题从语义上只能选statement(声明)。其他三个选项，即suggestion(建议)、proposa1(提议)与guess(猜测)表达的意思与语境不符。
65 C本题要选sure，表示C1iff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。而safe，weak或1ucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。 #