2011年职称英语教材（综合类）新增文章（6）

2011年职称英语教材（综合类）新增文章（6） #

　　第十五篇
　　Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
　　A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21st century，men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74，women to about 80，and these 1 are rising all the time.What has brought 2 these changes? When we look at the life 3 of people 1 00 years ago，we need to look at the greatest 4 of the time.In the early 20th century，these were the acute and often5 infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others，and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
　　In the 6 world these diseases are far 7 today，and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number of 8 have led to this：improvements in sanitation and hygiene.the discovery and use of antibiotics，which 9 bacterial diseases much less dangerous，and vaccinations 10 common diseases. 11 ，people’s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment：cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.

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　　Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but 12 people do live longer today，there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses，such as heart disease and strokes，and those 13 by viruses，such as influenza and AIDS1.Of course，cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect 14 people，but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity 15 more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
　　The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.
　　词汇：
　　expectancy n.预期 preserve vt.保藏，防止(食物) 腐烂
　　acute adj.(疾病)急性的
　　infectious adj.传染性的 nutrition n.营养
　　smallpox n.天花 chronic adj.(疾病)慢性的
　　sanitation n.环境卫生 stroke n.中风
　　hygiene n.个人卫生 virus n.病毒 #
　　antibiotic n.抗生素 influenza n.流行性感冒
　　bacterial adj细菌性的 trend n.趋势，倾向
　　vaccination n.种痘，接种 obesity n肥胖
　　diabetes n.糖尿病 halt vt.使…停止
　　注释：
　　Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)：艾滋病，后天性免疫缺乏综合症
　　练习：
　　1. A)ages B)years C)lives D)countries
　　2. A)in B)about C)to D)with
　　3. A)length B)time C)duration D)span
　　4. A)people B)killers C)invention D)nation
　　5. A)more B)less C)high D)highly
　　6. A)developed B)less developed C)undeveloped D)developing
　　7. A)more deadly B)deadly C)less deadly D)fatal
　　8. A)improvements B)factors C)jobs D)measures
　　9. A)makes B)causes C)make D)cause
　　10.A)against B)for C)to D)from
　　11.A)And B)Therefore C)In addition D)Nevertheless
　　12.A)when B)yet C)however D)while
　　13.A)spread B)affected C)produced D)created
　　14.A)poor B)weak C)older D)young
　　15.A)and B)leading to C)from D)with
　　答案与题解：
　　1. A 通过上下文可知此处应为“年龄"。
　　2. B bring about意思是“带来”，bring in意为赚取，实现(一定利润)，没有bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it brought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。
　　3. D life span是一个固定搭配，意为寿命。
　　4. B 从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。
　　5. D 本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不应用比较级。
　　6. A 本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。
　　7. C 本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。
　　8. B 冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用factor。
　　9. C注意这里的which不是非限制定语从句中指代前面一句话的作用，而是指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和抗生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不用三单形式。cause没有这样的语法搭配。 #
　　10. A 该选项为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。
　　11. C 前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition。
　　12. D整句话的意思是：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命
　　确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。
　　13. A those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。
　　14. C 本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。
　　15. B obesity是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择leading to，现在分词作结果状语#p#分页标题#e# #