GRE考试试题（四）

GRE考试试题（四）

我们整理了以下内容 #

Time –30 minutes

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38 Questions #

1. Because the monkeys under study are ---- the #

presence of human beings, they typically ----

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human observers and go about their business

(A) ambivalent about .. welcome

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(B) habituated to .. disregard

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(C) pleased with .. snub

(D) inhibited by .. seek #

(E) unaware of .. avoid #

2. Give he previously expressed interest and the

ambitious tone of her recent speeches, the senator’s

attempt to convince the public that she is not inter-

ested in running for a second term is ----. #

(A) laudable

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(B) likely

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(C) authentic

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(D) futile #

(E) sincere #

3. Many of her followers remain ---- to her, and #

even those who have rejected her leadership are

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unconvinced of the ---- of replacing her during #

the current turmoil. #

(A) opposed.. urgency

(B) friendly.. harm

(C) loyal.. wisdom

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(D) cool.. usefulness

(E) sympathetic.. disadvantage

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4. Unlike many recent interpretations of Beethoven’s #

piano sonatas, the recitalist’s performance was a #

delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless,

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it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite ----.

(A) appealing

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(B) exuberant #

(C) idiosyncratic #

(D) unskilled #

(E) controlled

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5. Species with relatively ---- metabolic rates, including #

hibernators, generally live longer than those whose

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metabolic rates are more rapid. #

(A) prolific

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(B) sedentary

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(C) sluggish #

(D) measured #

(E) restive

6. Belying his earlier reputation for ---- as a negotiator, #

Morgan had recently assumed a more ---- stance

for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.

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(A) intransigence.. conciliatory #

(B) impropriety.. intolerant

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(C) inflexibility.. unreasonable #

(D) success.. authoritative #

(E) incompetence.. combative #

7. Although Irish literature continued to flourish after

the sixteenth century, a ---- tradition is ---- #

in the visual arts: we think about Irish culture in terms of

the word, not in terms of pictorial images.

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(A) rich.. superfluous #

(B) lively.. found

(C) comparable.. absent #

(D) forgotten.. apparent

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(E) lost.. extant

8. SILVER: TARNISH:: #

(A) gold: burnish第一考试网整理

(B) steel: forge #

(C) iron: rust #

(D) lead: cast

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(E) tin: shear #

9. DISLIKE: LOATHING:: #

(A) appreciation: gratification

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(B) hunger: appetite

(C) void: dearth

(D) pleasure: bliss #

(E) pain: ache #

10. CRAVEN: HEROIC::

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(A) unruly: energetic

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(B) listless: attractive

(C) volatile: constant

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(D) deft: trifling #

(E) awkward: amusing

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11. FILLY: HORSE:: #

(A) antennae: butterfly

(B) pullet: chicken #

(C) gaggle: goose

(D) duck: drake #

(E) wasp: bee #

12. PITHINESS: APHORISM:: #

(A) craft: art #

(B) detail: sketch

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(C) illusion: story #

(D) exaggeration: caricature

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(E) sophistication: farce #

13. EPHEMERAL: ENDURING::

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(A) infirm: healing #

(B) insensitive: cooperating #

(C) inanimate: living

(D) interminable: continuing #

(E) ineffectual: proceeding

14. POSTURER: UNAFFECTED::

(A) brat: insolent #

(B) hypocrite: perceptive

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(C) grouch: respected

(D) bigot: tolerant #

(E) rogue: empathetic #

15. FACETIOUS: SPEECH:: #

(A) precocious: learning #

(B) unbecoming: color

(C) exemplary: conduct #

(D) craven: timidity #

(E) antic: behavior #

16. VAGARY: PREDICT::

(A) quotation: misdirect

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(B) investigation: confirm #

(C) stamina: deplete

(D) turbulence: upset

(E) impossibility: execute #

This is not to deny that the Black gospel music of the #

early twentieth century differed in important ways from the #

slave spirituals. Whereas spirituals were created and dis-

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seminated in folk fashion, gospel music was composed,

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(5) published, copyrighted, and sold by professionals. Never-

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theless, improvisation remained central to gospel music.

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One has only to listen to the recorded repertoire of gospel #

songs to realize that Black gospel singers rarely sang a #

song precisely the same way twice and never according to #

(10)its exact musical notation. They performed what jazz musi-

cians call "head arrangements" proceeding from their own #

feelings and from the way "the spirit" moved them at the

time. This improvisatory element was reflected in the man- #

ner in which gospel music was published. Black gospel #

(15)composers scored the music intended for White singing #

groups fully, indicating the various vocal parts and the

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accompaniment, but the music produced for Black singers

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included only a vocal line and piano accompaniment.

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17.Which of the following best describes "head arrange- #

ment" as the term is used in line 11? #

(A) A published version of a gospel song produced for #

use by Black singers #

(B) A gospel song based on a slave spiritual #

(C) A musical score shared by a gospel singer and a #

jazz musician #

(D) An informally written composition intended for #

use by a gospel singer

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(E) An improvised performance inspired by the #

singer’s emotions

18.The author mentions "folk fashion" (line 4) most likely

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in order to

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(A) counter an assertion about the role of improvi-

sation in music created by Black people

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(B) compare early gospel music with gospel music #

written later in the twentieth century

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(C) make a distinction between gospel music and

slave spirituals #

(D) introduce a discussion about the dissemination of #

slave spirituals

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(E) describe a similarity between gospel music and #

slave spirituals

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19.The passage suggests which of the following about #

Black gospel music and slave spirituals? #

(A) Both became widely known in the early twentieth #

century.

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(B) Both had an important improvisatory element.

(C) Both were frequently performed by jazz

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musicians. #

(D) Both were published with only a vocal line and #

piano accompaniment. #

(E) Both were disseminated chiefly by Black singing

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groups.

20.Of the following sentences, which is most likely to #

have immediately preceded the passage?

(A) Few composers of gospel music drew on traditions

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such as the spiritual in creating their songs.

(B) Spirituals and Black gospel music were derived

from the same musical tradition.

(C) The creation and singing of spirituals, practiced by

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Black Americans before the Civil War, continued #

after the war. #

(D) Spirituals and gospel music can be clearly #

distinguished from one another. #

(E) Improvisation was one of the primary charac- #

teristics of the gospel music created by Black #

musicians.

About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist

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Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that relates #

chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to the

#

Arrhenius equation, chemical reaction are increasingly

#

(5) unlikely to occur as temperatures approach absolute zero,

and at absolute zero (zero degrees Kelvin, or minus 273

#

degrees Celsius) reactions stop. However, recent experi- #

mental evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equa- #

tion is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical

#

(10)reaction that occurs at relatively high temperatures, at tem-

peratures closer to zero a quantum- mechanical effect known #

as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chem-

ical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classi-

#

cal chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can "tunnel"

#

(15)through the barriers of repulsive forces from other mole-

#

cules and chemically react even though these molecules do #

not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, #

to overcome the repulsive barrier.

The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the tem- #

(20)perature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very

#

important characteristic known as its activation energy. Any #

molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so- #

called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corre- #

sponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of

(25)one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical #

chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by

#

going over the potential barrier between the wells, the #

height of which remains constant and is called the activa-

#

tion energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting mole- #

(30)cules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another #

well without having to rise over the barrier between the #

two wells. Recently researchers have developed the concept

of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which

tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transi- #

(35)tions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum

#

counterpart. #

This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures

suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: #

the formation of rather complex organic molecules in the

(40)deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach

#

only a few degrees Kelvin. Cosmic rays (high-energy pro- #

tons and other particles) might trigger the synthesis of

#

simple molecules, such as interstellar formaldehyde, in #

dark clouds of interstellar dust. Afterward complex organic

#

(45)molecules would be formed, slowly but surely, by means

of tunneling. After I offered my hypothesis, Hoyle and

#

Wickramasinghe argued that molecules of interstellar form-

#

aldehyde have indeed evolved into stable polysaccharides #

such as cellulose and starch. Theirconclusions, although

#

(50)strongly disputed, have generated excitement among inves-

#

tigators such as myself who are proposing that the galactic #

clouds are the places where the prebiological evolution of #

compounds necessary to life occurred.

#

21.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with #

(A) describing how the principles of classical chem- #

istry were developed

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(B) initiating a debate about the kinds of chemical

#

reactions required for the development of life #

(C) explaining how current research in chemistry may be

related to broader biological concerns #

(D) reconciling opposing theories about chemical reac-

tions

(E) clarifying inherent ambiguities in the laws of clas- #

sical chemistry

22.According to the passage, classical chemical reactions #

and tunneling reactions are alike in which of the fol- #

lowing ways? #

(A) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules have #

to rise over the barrier between the two wells.

#

(B) In both types of reactions, a transition is made #

from the bottom of one potential well to the

#

bottom of another.

#

(C) In neither type of reaction does the height of the

barrier between the wells remain constant. #

(D) In neither type of reaction does the rate of a

chemical reaction depend on its activation

energy.

#

(E) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are #

able to go through the barrier between the two wells.

23. According to the Arrhenius equation as discussed in

#

the passage, which of the following statements about

#

chemical reactions is true?

#

(A) Chemical reactions are less likely to occur at tem-

#

peratures close to absolute zero. #

(B) In some cases the rate of a chemical reaction is #

related to temperature and in other cases it is

#

not.

#

(C) Chemical reactions frequently occur at a few

#

degrees above absolute zero, but they are very

#

unpredictable. #

(D) The rate of a chemical reaction depends on many

#

other factors besides temperature.

#

(E) Chemical reaction rate and temperature are not #

related. #

24.The author’s attitude toward the theory of a cold pre- #

history of life can best be described as

#

(A) neutral

(B) skeptical #

(C) mildly positive

(D) very supportive

#

(E) pointedly critical

25.The author’s hypothesis concerning be cold prehistory #

of life would be most weakened if which of the follow-

ing were true? #

(A)Cosmic rays are unlikely to trigger the formation of #

simple molecules. #

(B)Tunneling occurs only in a narrow band of tem-

#

peratures around zero degrees Kelvin. #

(C)The synthesis of interstellar formaldehyde can be #

activated by means other than cosmic rays.

(D)Simple molecules can be synthesized by means of #

tunneling.

#

(E)Classical chemical reactions do not occur at tem-

#

peratures close to absolute zero. #

26.Which of the following best describes the hypothesis #

of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe as it is presented in the

#

passage?

(A) Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex

#

organic molecules. #

(B) The galactic clouds are the places where prebio-

#

logical evolution of compounds necessary to life

occurred. #

(C) Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by #

tunneling.

#

(D) Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve #

into complex organic molecules. #

(E) Complex organic molecules can be synthesized #

from stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and #

starch. #

27.Which of the following best describes the organization #

of the first two paragraphs of the passage? #

(A) The author cites a basic principle of classical

#

chemistry and then describes the research from #

which that principle was developed.

#

(B) The author cites an apparent contradiction to #

the principles of classical chemistry and then #

explains the process of a chemical reaction to

#

show there is in fact no contradiction.

#

(C) the author describes the role of heat in chemical

#

reactions and then offers a detailed explanation

of its function.

(D) The author presents a law of classical chemistry in #

order to introduce a kind of chemical reaction #

that differs from it and then explains the essen-

tial difference between the two.

(E) The author presents the fundamental rules of clas- #

sical chemistry in order to introduce an explana-

tion of a specific chemical reaction.

#

28. PREFACE:

(A) improvisation

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(B) burlesque #

(C) epilogue

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(D) tangent

(E) backdrop #

29. DEBILITATE: #

(A) implicate #

(B) invigorate

(C) obfuscate

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(D) realign

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(E) encumber #

30. TASTY:

(A) uninteresting #

(B) unfamiliar #

(C) unexpected #

(D) understated

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(E) undervalued

31. ABNEGATE:

(A) refresh #

(B) reaffirm #

(C) relieve

#

(D) react #

(E) reform

#

32. SERRIED: #

(A) partially formed

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(B) widely separated

(C) narrowly missed #

(D) extremely grateful第一考试网整理 #

(E) reasonably clean #

33. BOMBASTIC:

(A) unflappable #

(B) uninspired #

(C) unpretentious

(D) inscrutable

(E) incisive #

34. BANAL:

(A) comfortable

(B) novel #

(C) equal #

(D) fatal #

(E) competent

35. LANGUISH: #

(A) agitate

(B) wander

(C) relieve

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(D) discomfit

(E) thrive

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36. ENNUI:

(A) intimidation #

(B) sleaze #

(C) faint recollection

(D) keen interest #

(E) deep reservation

#

37.DAUNTLESS: #

(A) sophomoric

(B) trifling

#

(C) pusillanimous #

(D) specious #

(E) parsimonious

38.TEMERITY:

(A) credibility

(B) authority #

(C) celebrity #

(D) acrimony #

(E) circumspection