GRE考试试题（一）
SECTION 1 #
Time - 30 minutes #
38 Questions
Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that #
something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets #
of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning
#
of the sentence as a whole. #
1. Nonviolent demonstrations often create such ten- sions that a community that has
#
constantly refused to ------- its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices
can no longer be -------.
(A) acknowledge..ignored
#
(B) decrease..verified
#
(C) tolerate..accepted
#
(D) address..eliminated
#
(E) explain..discussed
#
2. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen’s novels has oscillated between ------- #
and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than #
did most of her literary -------. #
(A) dismissal..admirers
(B) adoration. .contemporaries
#
(C) disapprpval..readers #
(D) indifference..followers
#
(E) approbation..precursors #
3. There are, as yet, no vegetation types or ecosystems whose study has been ------- #
to the extent that they no longer ------- ecologists.
(A) perfected..hinder
(B) exhausted..interest #
(C) prolonged..require
(D) prevented..challenge
#
(E) delayed..benefit #
4. Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the National lnstitutes of Health,
human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which ------- #
treatments are unsatisfactory. #
(A)similar #
(B)most
(C)dangerous
(D) uncommon #
(E) alternative
5. It was her view that the country’s problems had been ------- by foreign technocrats, #
so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.
#
(A)foreseen #
(B)attacked #
(C)ascertained
(D) exacerbated
(E) analyzed
6. Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible -------: his comic strip #
about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.
(A)sincerity #
(B)efficiency
(C)virtuosity #
(D) rapidity #
(E) energy
#
7. The actual ------- of Wilson’s position was always ------- by his refusal to #
compromise after having initially agreed to negotiate a settlement. #
(A) outcome..foreshadowed #
(B) logic..enhanced #
(C) rigidity..betrayed #
(D) uncertainty..alleviated #
(E) cowardice..highlighted #
Directions: In each of the foiiowing questions, a related pair of words or phrases
#
is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that #
best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
#
8. SEDATTVE : DROWSlNESS ::
(A) epidemic : contagiousness
(B) vaccine : virus
(C) laxative : drug
#
(D) anestheiic : numbness
#
(E) therapy : psychosis
#
9.LAWYER:COURTROOM::
(A) participant : team
#
(B) commuter : train
#
(C) gladiator : arena
#
(D) senator : caucus
(E) patient : ward
10. CURIOSITY : KNOW :: #
(A) temptation : conquer #
(B) starvation : eat #
(C) wanderlust : travel #
(D) humor : laugh
(E) survival : live #
11. FRUGAL : MISERLY :: #
(A) confident : arrogant
#
(B) courageouss : pugnacious #
(C) famous : aggressive #
(D) rash : foolhardy
#
(E) quiet : timid
#
12. ANTIDOTE : POISON ::
#
(A) cure : recovery
(B) narcotic : sleep #
(C) stimulant : relapse
#
(D) tonic : lethargy
#
(E) resuscitation : breathing #
13. STYGIAN.: DARK :: #
(A) abysmal : low #
(B) cogent : contentious #
(C) fortuitous.: accidental #
(D) reckless : threatening
(E) cataclysmic : doomed #
14. WORSHIP : SACRIFICE :: #
(A) generation : pyre #
(B) burial : mortuary
(C) weapon : centurion #
(D) massacre : invasion
#
(E) prediction : augury #
15. EVANESCENT : l)ISAPPEAR : #
(A) tlansparent : penetrate
(B) onerous : struggle #
(C) feckless : succeed
#
(D) illusory : exist #
(E) pliant : yield
16. UPBRAlD : REPROACH :: #
(A) dote : like
#
(B) lal: : stray
(C) vex : please
(D) earn : desire #
(E) recast : explain #
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content.
After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions
following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
#
lt has been known for many decades that the appear-来源：第一考试网 #
ance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average #
cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar#p#分页标题#e#
#
flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radia- #
tion, and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot (5) #
cycle. But after more than a century of investigation. the
#
relation of these and other phenomena, known collec- #
tively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrescrial weather #
and climate remains unclear. For example. the sunspot
#
cycle and the allied rnagnetic-polarity cycle have been (10)
#
linked to periodicities discerned in records of such vari-
#
ables as rainhll. temperature, and winds. lnvariably, #
however, the relation is weak. and commonly ofdubious #
statistical significance.
Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also (15)
#
been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in #
the notes kept by European observers in the late seven-
teenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some schol-
#
ars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at
#
that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The (20)
Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual #
cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early
nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder mini-
mum has yet to be established, however, especially since
#
the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar (25)
#
activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scien- #
tists have also sought evidence of long-term solar period-
#
icities by examining indirect climatological data, such as
#
fossil recoras of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These #
studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial(30) #
climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to contirm
the cycle’s past existenue.
If consistPn! and re!iab!e geo!sgigal~-arek-xologieal #
evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant
#
past could be found, it might also resolve an important(35)
#
issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Cur-
#
rently, chere are two models of solar activity. The tirst #
supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by
rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale #
magnetic field to produce a dynamo. a device in which(40) #
mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a mag- #
netic field. ln short. the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field #
is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity #
cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall #
changc for perhaps billions of years. The alternative(45) #
exp)anarion supposes that the Sun’s large-sca)e magnetic
field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it #
formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this
#
model. the solar mechanism dependent on the Sun’s
#
magnetiC field runs down more quickly. Thus, the char-(50) #
acteristics of the solar-activity cycle uvuld be expected to
change over a long period of time. Modern solar obser-
#
vations span too short a time to reveal whether present
cyclical solar aCtivity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, #
or merely a transient phenomenon.
#
17. The author focuses primarily on
(A) presenting two competing scientific theories concerning solar #
activity and evaluating geological evidence often cited to support them
(B) giving a brief overview of some recent scientifrc developments
#
in s’olar physics and assessing their impact on future climatological research
(C) discussing the difficulties involved in linkinl: ter- restrial
#
phenomena with solar activity and indicating how resolving that issue #
could have an impact on our understanding of solar physics
#
(D) pointing out the futility of a certain line of sci- entific inquiry #
into the terrestrial effects of solar activity and recommendine ita #
aban- donment in favor of purely physics-oriented research #
(E) outlinine the specific reasons why a problem in solar physics has #
not yet been solved and faulting the overly theoretical approach of modern #
physicists. #
18. Which of th.e following statements about the two models of solar
#
activity. as they are described in lines 37-55, is accurate?
(A) In both modgls cyclical solar activity is regarded as a long-lived
#
feature of the Sun, persisting with little change over billions of years. #
(B) Tn both models the solar-activity cycle is hypothesized as being
dependent on the large-scale solar magnetic field. #
(C) Tn one model the Sun’s magnetic fieid is thought to play a role in #
causing solar activ- ity, whereas in the other model it is not.
#
(D) In one model solar activity is presumed to be unrelated to terrestrial
phenomena. whereas in the other model solar activity is thought to have #
observable effects on the Earth.#p#分页标题#e#
(E) In one model cycles of solar activity with peri- odicities longer than
a few decades are con- sidered to be impossible, whereas in the other model #
such cycles are predicted.
#
19. According to the passage, late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century
Chinese records are impor- tant for which of the following reasons?
#
(A) They suggest that the data on which the Maunder minimum was predicated
#
were incorrect. #
(B) They syggest that the Maunder minimum can- not be related to climate. #
(C) Thcy suggest that the Maunder minimum might be \-’alid only for Europe. #
(D) They establish the existence of a span of unusu- ally cold weather #
worldwide at the time of the Maunder minimum. #
(E) They establish that solar activity at the tirne of the Maunder minimum #
did not significantly vary from its present pattern.
#
20. The author implies which of the followine about currently available #
geological and archaeoloeical evidence concerning the solar-activity cycle?
(A) It best supports the model of solar activity described in lines 37-45. #
(B) It best supports the model of solar activity described in lines 45-52. #
(C) It is insufficient to confirtn either model of solar activity described #
in the third paragraph.
(D) It contradicts both models of solar activity as they are presented in #
the third paragraph. #
(E) It disproves the theory that terrestrial weather and solar activitv are
linked in some way.
21. Tt can be inferred from the passage that the argu- ment in favor of the #
model described in lines 37- 45 would be strengthened if which of the following #
were found ta he tme? #
(A) Episodes of intense volcanic eruptions in the distant past occurred in
#
cycles having very long periodicities.
(B) At the present time the global level of thunder- storm activity increases #
and decreases in cycles with periodicities of approximately 11 years.
(C) In the distant past cyclical climatic changes had periodicities of longer
than 200 years. #
(D) In the last century the length of the sunspot cycle has been known to #
vary by as much as 2 years from its average periodicity of 11 years.
(E) Hundreds of millions of years ago, solar- activity cycles displayed the
#
same periodicities as do present-day solap-activity cycles. #
22. lt can be inferred from the passage that Chinese observations of the Sun #
during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries #
(A) are ambiguous because most sunspots cannot be seen with the naked eye #
(B) probably were made under the same weather conditions as those made in Europe
#
(C) are more reliable than European observations . made during this period
(D) record some sunspot activity during this period
(E) have been employed by scientists seeking to argue that a change in solar
activity occurred during this period. #
23. It can be inferred from the passage that studies attempting to use tree-ring
thickness to locate possi- ble links between solar periodicity and terrestrial #
climate are based on which of the following assump- tions? #
(A) The solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the time period
in which the tree rings erew.
(B) The biological mechanisms causing tree growth are unaffected by short-term #
weather pat- terns. #
(C) Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species.
(D) Tree-ring thicknesses reflecr changes in terres- trial climate. #
(E) Both terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle randomly af~ct tree-ring #
thickness.
The common belief of some linguists that each #
language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the #
nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart第一考试网整理
#
of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics #
that supply and demand will regulate everything for the(5) #
best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous
cases in which the law of supply and demand left actual #
wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to
#
those instances in which the very nature of a ianguage #
calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation,(10) #
and in which, consequently, a word has to be modified #
or defined in order to present the idea intended by the
speaker: "He took his stick,no, not John’s, but his #
own." No language is perfec’t, and if we admit this truth,
#
we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investi-(15)
gate the relative merits of different languages or of
#
different details in languages. #
24. The primary purpose ofthe passage is to #
(A) analyze an interesting feature of the English language #
(B) refute a belief held by some linguists #
(C) show that economic theory is relevant to linguistic study#p#分页标题#e# #
(D) iilustrate the confusion that can result from the improper use of
language
#
(E) suggest a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect.
#
25. The misunderstanding presented by the author in lines 13-14 is similar
to which of the following? #
I. X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y thinks that X is referring #
to one person only.
II. X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly" to refer to a typical example,.but Y
knows that "anomaly" means "exception". #
III. X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarried man:’ but Y mistakenly thinks
#
that bachelor means "unmarried woman." #
(A) I only
#
(B) II only
#
(C) III only #
(D) I and II only
#
(E) IIand IIIonly #
26. In presenting the argument, theauthor does all of the following EXCEPT
#
(A) give an example
#
(B) draw a conclusion
(C) make a generalization #
(D) make a comparison
#
(E) present a paradox
27. Which of the following contributes to the misunder- standing described
#
by the author in lines 13-14 ? #
(A) It is unclear whom the speaker of the sentence is addressing.
#
(B) It is unclear to whom the word "his" refers the first time it is used. #
(C) It is unclear to whom the word "his" refers the second time it is used. #
(D) The meaning of "took" is ambiguous. #
(E) It is unclear to whom "He" refers.
#
Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters,
followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase #
that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Slnce #
some of the questions require you to distinguish fine siiadtj of meanirlg, be
sun tc, consider aii the choices before deciding which one is best.
#
28. FALLACY: (A) personal philosophy #
(B) imaginative idea #
(C) unconfirmed theory
(D) tentative opinion #
(E)valid argument #
29. DIVULGE:
#
(A) keep secret #
(B) evaluate by oneself #
(C) refine
#
(D) restore
#
(E) copy #
30. BOYCOTT:
(A) extort #
(B) underwrite
(C)underbid #
(D)stipulate
#
(E)patronize #
31. ADULTERATION: #
(A) consternation #
(B) purification #
(C) normalization #
(D) approximation #
(E) rejuvenation
#
32. DEPOSlTlON: #
(A) process ofcongealing #
(B) process ofdistilling #
(C) process of eroding #
(D) process of evolving #
(E) proeess of condensing
#
33. ENERVATE:
(A) recuperate
(B) resurrect #
(C)renovate
#
(D)gather
#
(E)strengthen
34. LOQUACIOUS: #
(A) tranquil #
(B) skeptical
#
(C)morose #
(D)taciturn
#
(E)witty
#
35. REPINE: #
(A) intensify #
(B)excuse
#
(C)expressjoy #
(D)feelsure #
(E)rushforward
#
36. VENERATION:
#
(A) derision #
(B) blame
(C) avoidance #
(D) ostracism . #
(E) defiance #
37. UNDERMINE:
#
(A)submerge
#
(B) public
(C) satisfatory #
(D) trustworthy
(E) sophisticated
#
38. UNDERMINE:
#
(A) submerge #
(B) supersede . #
(C) overhaul #
(D) undergird #
(E) intersperse.第一考试网整理
#
京公网安备 11010802021846号